『法规联想』法律1篇2次　行政法规7篇15次　司法解释1篇3次　部门规章157篇248次　地方法规182篇339次　法学论文4篇8次　背景资料19篇33次　　〖待检类别：其他文件　案例文书　合同范本　〗
『标　　题』中华人民共和国计量法(附英文)
『发布单位』全国人大常委会

　
　　　　（一九八五年九月六日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议通过）
　
　　　　　目　录

　　第一章　总则
　　第二章　计量基准器具、计量标准器具和计量检定
　　第三章　计量器具管理
　　第四章　计量监督
　　第五章　法律责任
　　第六章　附则
　
　　　　　第一章　总　则
　　第一条　为了加强计量监督管理，保障国家计量单位制的统一和量值的准确可靠，有利于生产、贸易和科学技术的发展，适应社会主义现代化建设的需要，维护国家、人民的利益，制定本法。
　　第二条　在中华人民共和国境内，建立计量基准器具、计量标准器具，进行计量检定，制造、修理、销售、使用计量器具，必须遵守本法。
　　第三条　国家采用国际单位制。
　　国际单位制计量单位和国家选定的其他计量单位，为国家法定计量单位。国家法定计量单位的名称、符号由国务院公布。
　　非国家法定计量单位应当废除。废除的办法由国务院制定。
　　

　　『本条联想』地方法规1篇1次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　部门规章　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第四条　国务院计量行政部门对全国计量工作实施统一监督管理。
　　县级以上地方人民政府计量行政部门对本行政区域内的计量工作实施监督管理。
　
　　　　　第二章　计量基准器具、计量标准器具和计量检定
　　

　　『本条联想』部门规章1篇1次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　地方法规　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第五条　国务院计量行政部门负责建立各种计量基准器具，作为统一全国量值的最高依据。
　　

　　『本条联想』部门规章1篇1次　地方法规3篇3次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第六条　县级以上地方人民政府计量行政部门根据本地区的需要，建立社会公用计量标准器具，经上级人民政府计量行政部门主持考核合格后使用。
　　

　　『本条联想』部门规章3篇3次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　地方法规　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第七条　国务院有关主管部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府有关主管部门，根据本部门的特殊需要，可以建立本部门使用的计量标准器具，其各项最高计量标准器具经同级人民政府计量行政部门主持考核合格后使用。
　　

　　『本条联想』地方法规2篇2次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　部门规章　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第八条　企业、事业单位根据需要，可以建立本单位使用的计量标准器具，其各项最高计量标准器具经有关人民政府计量行政部门主持考核合格后使用。
　　

　　『本条联想』行政法规1篇1次　部门规章1篇1次　地方法规8篇9次　背景资料2篇2次　　〖待检类别：法律　司法解释　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　〗
　 第九条　县级以上人民政府计量行政部门对社会公用计量标准器具，部门和企业、事业单位使用的最高计量标准器具，以及用于贸易结算、安全防护、医疗卫生、环境监测方面的列入强制检定目录的工作计量器具，实行强制检定。未按照规定申请检定或者检定不合格的，不得使用。实
行强制检定的工作计量器具的目录和管理办法，由国务院制定。
　　对前款规定以外的其他计量标准器具和工作计量器具，使用单位应当自行定期检定或者送其他计量检定机构检定，县级以上人民政府计量行政部门应当进行监督检查。
　　

　　『本条联想』部门规章2篇2次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　地方法规　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第十条　计量检定必须按照国家计量检定系统表进行。国家计量检定系统表由国务院计量行政部门制定。
　　计量检定必须执行计量检定规程。国家计量检定规程由国务院计量行政部门制定。没有国家计量检定规程的，由国务院有关主管部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府计量行政部门分别制定部门计量检定规程和地方计量检定规程，并向国务院计量行政部门备案。
　　第十一条　计量检定工作应当按照经济合理的原则，就地就近进行。
　
　　　　　第三章　计量器具管理
　　

　　『本条联想』部门规章2篇2次　地方法规8篇10次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第十二条　制造、修理计量器具的企业、事业单位，必须具备与所制造、修理的计量器具相适应的设施、人员和检定仪器设备，经县级以上人民政府计量行政部门考核合格，取得《制造计量器具许可证》或者《修理计量器具许可证》。
　　制造、修理计量器具的企业未取得《制造计量器具许可证》或者《修理计量器具许可证》的，工商行政管理部门不予办理营业执照。
　　

　　『本条联想』地方法规2篇2次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　部门规章　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第十三条　制造计量器具的企业、事业单位生产本单位未生产过的计量器具新产品，必须经省级以上人民政府计量行政部门对其样品的计量性能考核合格，方可投入生产。
　　

　　『本条联想』行政法规1篇1次　　〖待检类别：法律　司法解释　部门规章　地方法规　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第十四条　未经国务院计量行政部门批准，不得制造、销售和进口国务院规定废除的非法定计量单位的计量器具和国务院禁止使用的其他计量器具。
　　

　　『本条联想』背景资料1篇1次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　部门规章　地方法规　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　〗
　 第十五条　制造、修理计量器具的企业、事业单位必须对制造、修理的计量器具进行检定，保证产品计量性能合格，并对合格产品出具产品合格证。
　　县级以上人民政府计量行政部门应当对制造、修理的计量器具的质量进行监督检查。
　　

　　『本条联想』地方法规1篇1次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　部门规章　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第十六条　进口的计量器具，必须经省级以上人民政府计量行政部门检定合格后，方可销售。
　　第十七条　使用计量器具不得破坏其准确度，损害国家和消费者的利益。
　　

　　『本条联想』部门规章2篇2次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　地方法规　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第十八条　个体工商户可以制造、修理简易的计量器具。
　　制造、修理计量器具的个体工商户，必须经县级人民政府计量行政部门考核合格，发给《制造计量器具许可证》或者《修理计量器具许可证》后，方可向工商行政管理部门申请营业执照。
　　个体工商户制造、修理计量器具的范围和管理办法，由国务院计量行政部门制定。
　
　　　　　第四章　计量监督
　　

　　『本条联想』部门规章1篇1次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　地方法规　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第十九条　县级以上人民政府计量行政部门，根据需要设置计量监督员。计量监督员管理办法，由国务院计量行政部门制定。
　　

　　『本条联想』部门规章5篇6次　地方法规5篇9次　背景资料1篇1次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　〗
　 第二十条　县级以上人民政府计量行政部门可以根据需要设置计量检定机构，或者授权其他单位的计量检定机构，执行强制检定和其他检定、测试任务。
　　执行前款规定的检定、测试任务的人员，必须经考核合格。
　　

　　『本条联想』部门规章1篇1次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　地方法规　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第二十一条　处理因计量器具准确度所引起的纠纷，以国家计量基准器具或者社会公用计量标准器具检定的数据为准。
　　

　　『本条联想』部门规章2篇2次　地方法规2篇2次　案例文书2篇3次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　其他文件　法学论文　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第二十二条　为社会提供公证数据的产品质量检验机构，必须经省级以上人民政府计量行政部门对其计量检定、测试的能力并可靠性考核合格。
　
　　　　　第五章　法律责任
　　

　　『本条联想』法学论文1篇1次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　部门规章　地方法规　其他文件　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第二十三条　未取得《制造计量器具许可证》、《修理计量器具许可证》制造或者修理计量器具的，责令停止生产、停止营业，没收违法所得，可以并处罚款。
　　第二十四条　制造、销售未经考核合格的计量器具新产品的，责令停止制造、销售该种新产品，没收违法所得，可以并处罚款。
　　第二十五条　制造、修理、销售的计量器具不合格的，没收违法所得，可以并处罚款。
　　

　　『本条联想』地方法规1篇1次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　部门规章　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第二十六条　属于强制检定范围的计量器具，未按照规定申请检定或者检定不合格继续使用的，责令停止使用，可以并处罚款。
　　

　　『本条联想』地方法规3篇3次　　〖待检类别：法律　行政法规　司法解释　部门规章　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第二十七条　使用不合格的计量器具或者破坏计量器具准确度，给国家和消费者造成损失的，责令赔偿损失，没收计量器具和违法所得，可以并处罚款。
　　第二十八条　制造、销售、使用以欺骗消费者为目的的计量器具的，没收计量器具和违法所得，处以罚款；情节严重的，并对个人或者单位直接责任人员按诈骗罪或者投机倒把罪追究刑事责任。
　　第二十九条　违反本法规定，制造、修理、销售的计量器具不合格，造成人身伤亡或者重大财产损失的，比照《刑法》第一百八十七条的规定，对个人或者单位直接责任人员追究刑事责任。
　　第三十条　计量监督人员违法失职，情节严重的，依照《刑法》有关规定追究刑事责任；情节轻微的，给予行政处分。
　　第三十一条　本法规定的行政处罚，由县级以上地方人民政府计量行政部门决定。本法第二十七条规定的行政处罚，也可以由工商行政管理部门决定。
　　第三十二条　当事人对行政处罚决定不服的，可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉；对罚款、没收违法所得的行政处罚决定期满不起诉又不履行的，由作出行政处罚决定的机关申请人民法院强制执行。
　
　　　　　第六章　附　则
　　

　　『本条联想』行政法规1篇1次　　〖待检类别：法律　司法解释　部门规章　地方法规　其他文件　法学论文　案例文书　合同范本　背景资料　〗
　 第三十三条　中国人民解放军和国防科技工业系统计量工作的监督管理办法，由国务院、中央军事委员会依据本法另行制定。
　　第三十四条　国务院计量行政部门根据本法制定实施细则，报国务院批准施行。
　　第三十五条　本法自一九八六年七月一日起施行。(附英文)
　
　　　　METROLOGY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
　
　　　　　Important Notice: (注意事项)

　　英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
　　当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This　English document is coming from the　"LAWS　AND　REGULATIONS　OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF　CHINA　GOVERNING　FOREIGN-RELATED　MATTERS" (1991.7)
which　is　compiled　by　the　Brueau　of　Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of　the　People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
　
　　　　　Whole Document (法规全文)

METROLOGY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the 12th Meeting of　the　Standing　Committee　of　the
Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated　by　Order　No.　28　of　the
President of the People's Republic of China　on　September　6,　1985,　and
effective as of July 1, 1986)
Contents
Chapter I　　 General Provisions
Chapter II　　Primary Standard Instruments of Measurement, Standard
　　　　　　　Instruments of Measurement and Metrological Verification
Chapter III　 Administrative Control of Measuring Instruments
Chapter IV　　Metrological Supervision
Chapter V　　 Legal Liability
Chapter VI　　Supplementary Provisions
　
　　　　　Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1
This Law is formulated to　strengthen　the　metrological　supervision　and
administration, to ensure the uniformity of the national system　of　units
of　measurement　and　the　accuracy　and　reliability　of　the　values　of
quantities, so as to contribute to the development　of　production,　trade
and science and technology, to meet the needs of　socialist　modernization
and to safeguard the interests of the state and the people.
Article 2
Within the territory of the People's Republic of China, this Law　must　be
abided by in establishing national primary standards　of　measurement　and
standards of measurement, in conducting metrological verification, and　in
the manufacture, repair, sale or use of measuring instruments.
Article 3
The State shall adopt the International System of Units (SI).
The International System of Units and other units of　measurement　adopted
by the State shall be the national legal units of measurement.　The　names
and　symbols　of　the　national　legal　units　of　measurement　shall　 be
promulgated by the State Council.　Non-national legal units of measurement
shall be abrogated. Measures for the abrogation shall be stipulated by the
State Council.
Article 4
The metrological administrative department　of　the　State　Council　shall
exercise unified supervision over and administration of metrological　work
throughout the country. The metrological administrative departments of the
local people's governments at and above the county　level　shall　exercise
supervision over and administration　of　metrological　work　within　their
respective administrative areas.
　
　　　　　Chapter II Primary Standards of Measurement, Standards of Measure- ment and Metrological Verification

Article 5
The metrological administrative department of the State Council　shall　be
responsible　for　establishing　all　kinds　 of　 primary　 standards　 of
measurement, which shall serve as the　ultimate　basis　for　unifying　the
values of quantities of the country.
Article 6
The　metrological　administrative　departments　of　the　 local　 people's
governments at or above the county level may, according to　the　needs　of
their respective areas, establish public standards of　measurement,　which
shall be put into use after being checked and found to be qualified by the
metrological administrative department of the people's government　at　the
next higher level.
Article 7
The competent department concerned of the State Council and the　competent
department　concerned　of　the　people's　governments　of　the　provinces,
autonomous　regions,　and　municipalities　directly　under　 the　 Central
Government may, in light of their own specific needs, establish　standards
of measurement for their own use. The ultimate standard of measurement　of
each kind shall be put into use　after　being　checked　and　found　to　be
qualified by the metrological administrative authorities of　the　people's
government at the corresponding level.
Article 8
Enterprises or institutions　may,　according　to　their　needs,　establish
standards of measurement for their　own　use.　The　ultimate　standard　of
measurement of each kind shall be put into use　after　being　checked　and
found to be qualified by the metrological administrative department of the
people's government concerned.
Article 9
The metrological administrative departments of the people's governments at
or above the county level shall make compulsory verification of the public
standards of measurement, the ultimate standards of　measurement　used　in
the departments, enterprises and　institutions　as　well　as　the　working
measuring instruments used in settling trade accounts, safety　protection,
medical and health work, or environmental monitoring that　are　listed　in
the compulsory verification catalogue. Those measuring　instruments　which
have not been submitted for verification as required and those which　have
been checked and found to be unqualified shall not be used. The　catalogue
of the working measuring instruments subject　to　compulsory　verification
and the measures for the　administration　of　such　instruments　shall　be
stipulated by the State Council.
Standards of measurement and　working　measuring　instruments　other　than
those referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be verified at　regular
intervals by the users themselves　or　by　the　metrological　verification
institutions. The metrological administrative departments of the　people's
governments at or above the county level shall supervise and inspect　such
verification.

Article 10
Metrological verification shall be conducted　according　to　the　National
Metrological Verification System. The National　Metrological　Verification
System shall be worked out by the metrological　administrative　department
of the State Council.　Metrological verification must be　carried　out　in
accordance with the regulations governing metrological　verification.　The
national metrological verification regulations shall be formulated by　the
metrological administrative department of the State Council.　In the　case
of certain instruments that are not covered in the　national　metrological
verification regulations, the competent departments of the　State　Council
and　the　metrological　administrative　 departments　 of　 the　 people's
governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities　directly
under the Central Government shall respectively formulate departmental and
local verification regulations. Such　verification　regulations　shall　be
submitted to the　metrological　administrative　department　of　the　State
Council for the record.
Article 11
Metrological verification shall, according to the principle of economy and
rationality, be carried out on the spot or in the vicinity.
　
　　　　　Chapter III Administrative Control of Measuring Instruments

Article 12
An enterprise or institution　which　is　to　engage　in　manufacturing　or
repairing　measuring　instruments　must　have　facilities,　personnel　and
verification appliances appropriate to the measuring instruments it is　to
manufacture or repair and, after being checked and considered as qualified
by the metrological administrative department of the　people's　government
at or above the county level, obtain a Licence for Manufacturing Measuring
Instruments or a License for Repairing Measuring Instruments.
The administrative departments for industry and commerce shall not issue a
business licence to an enterprise engaged in　manufacturing　or　repairing
measuring instruments which has not obtained a Licence　for　Manufacturing
Measuring Instruments or a Licence for Repairing Measuring Instruments.
Article 13
When an enterprise　or　institution　manufacturing　measuring　instruments
undertakes to manufacture new types of measuring instruments which it　has
not previously manufactured, such measuring instruments may　be　put　into
production only after the metrological performance of the sample　products
has　been　checked　and　found　to　be　qualified　by　 the　 metrological
administrative department　of　a　people's　government　at　or　above　the
provincial level.
Article 14
Without the approval of the metrological administrative department of　the
State Council, measuring instruments with non-legal units　of　measurement
which have been abrogated　by　the　State　Council,　and　other　measuring
instruments　which　are　banned　by　the　State　Council,　shall　not　 be
manufactured, sold or imported.
Article 15
An　enterprise　or　institution　engaged　in　manufacturing　or　repairing
measuring　instruments　must　verify　the　measuring　instruments　it　has
manufactured or repaired, guarantee the metrological　performance　of　the
products and issue certificates of inspection for the qualified products.
The metrological administrative department of the people's governments　at
or above the county level shall supervise and inspect the quality　of　the
measuring instruments manufactured or repaired.
Article 16
Measuring instruments imported from abroad may be sold only　after　having
been verified　and　found　to　be　up　to　standard　by　the　metrological
administrative department of the　people's　government　at　or　above　the
provincial level.
Article 17
When using measuring instruments, no person shall　be　allowed　to　impair
their accuracy,　thereby　prejudicing　the　interests　of　the　State　and
consumers.

Article 18
Self-employed workers　or　merchants　may　manufacture　or　repair　simple
measuring instruments.
Any self-employed worker or merchant who is to engage in manufacturing　or
repairing measuring instruments may apply for a business licence from　the
administrative department for industry and commerce provided he　has　been
tested and found　to　be　qualified　by　the　metrological　administrative
department of a people's government at the　county　level,　and　issued　a
Licence for Manufacturing Measuring Instruments or a Licence for Repairing
Measuring Instruments.
The types of measuring instruments which can be manufactured　or　repaired
by　self-employed　workers　or　merchants　shall　be　determined　by　 the
metrological administrative department of the State Council,　which　shall
also adopt measures for their control.
　
　　　　　Chapter IV Metrological Supervision

Article 19
The metrological administrative department of the people's governments　at
or　above　the　county　level　may,　according　to　their　needs,　appoint
metrological supervisors. The　measures　for　the　administration　of　the
metrological　supervisors　shall　be　formulated　 by　 the　 metrological
administrative department of the State Council.
Article 20
The metrological administrative department of the people's governments　at
or　above　the　county　level　may,　according　to　their　needs,　set　up
metrological　 verification　 organs　 or　 authorize　 the　 metrological
verification institutions of other establishments to carry out　compulsory
verification and other verification　and　testing　tasks.　 The　personnel
carrying out the tasks　of　verification　and　testing　mentioned　in　the
preceding paragraph must be tested for their qualifications.
Article 21
Any dispute over the accuracy of measuring instruments shall be handled in
accordance with the data provided after　verification　with　the　national
primary standards of measurement or public standards of measurement.
Article 22
A product quality inspection agency which is to provide notarial　data　on
the quality of products for society must be checked for its capability and
reliability of metrological verification and testing by　the　metrological
administrative department　of　a　people's　government　at　or　above　the
provincial level.
　
　　　　　Chapter V Legal Liability

Article 23
Whoever without a Licence for　Manufactured　Measuring　Instruments　or　a
Licence　for　Repairing　Measuring　Instruments　manufactures　or　repairs
measuring instruments shall be ordered to stop his production or　business
operations. His unlawful income　shall　be　confiscated　and　a　fine　may
concurrently be imposed.
Article 24
Whoever manufactures or sells a new type of measuring instrument which has
not been checked and found to be qualified shall be ordered　to　stop　the
manufacture or sale of that new product.　His　unlawful　income　shall　be
confiscated and he may concurrently be punished by a fine.
Article 25
Whoever manufactures, repairs or sells unqualified　measuring　instruments
shall have his unlawful income confiscated and a fine may concurrently　be
imposed.
Article 26
Whoever uses measuring　instruments　subject　to　compulsory　verification
without having filed　an　application　for　verification　as　required　or
continues to use measuring instruments which have been checked　but　found
to be unqualified shall be ordered to stop the use and may concurrectly be
punished by a fine.
Article 27
Whoever uses unqualified measuring instruments or impairs the accuracy　of
measuring instruments, thus causing losses to　the　State　and　consumers,
shall be ordered to make compensation for the losses and　shall　have　his
measuring instruments and unlawful income confiscated and may concurrently
be punished by a fine.
Article 28
Whoever manufactures, sells or uses measuring instruments for the　purpose
of deceiving consumers shall have his measuring instruments　and　unlawful
income confiscated and may concurrently be punished　by　a　fine.　If　the
circumstances are serious, the individual or the person in the unit who is
directly responsible shall be investigated for his criminal responsibility
according to the crimes of swindling or speculation.
Article 29
When any individual or unit, in violation of the provisions of　this　Law,
manufactures, repairs or sells unqualified measuring　instruments　leading
to people's　injury　or　death　or　causing　major　property　losses,　the
individual or the person in the unit who is directly responsible shall　be
investigated　for　his　criminal　responsibility　by　reference　 to　 the
provisions of Article 187 of the Criminal Law.

Article 30
A metrological supervisor who transgresses the law and neglects his　duty,
where the circumstances are serious, shall be　investigated　for　criminal
responsibility pursuant to the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. If
the circumstances are minor, he shall be given an administrative sanction.
Article 31
The administrative sanction provided for in this Law shall　be　determined
by the metrological administrative department of a people's government　at
or above the county level. The administrative　sanction　provided　for　in
Article 27 of this Law　may　also　be　determined　by　the　administrative
departments for industry and commerce.
Article 32
A party who refuses to accept the decision of the administrative　sanction
may, within 15 days after receipt of the　notification　of　the　decision,
file suit in a people's court. If within that time limit　the　party　does
not file suit or comply with the penalty of paying a fine and　having　his
unlawful income confiscated, the　administrative　authorities　which　have
made the decision of the administrative sanction may request the　people's
court for compulsory execution.
　
　　　　　Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Article 33
Measures for the administration of and supervision over metrological　work
in　the　Chinese　People's　Liberation　Army　and　in　units　 under　 the
jurisdiction of the Commission on Science,　Technology　and　Industry　for
National Defence shall be formulated separately by the State　Council　and
the Central Military Commission in accordance with this Law.
Article 34
The metrological administrative department of the State Council shall,　in
accordance with this Law, formulate rules for　its　implementation,　which
shall go into effect after being submitted to and approved　by　the　State
Council.
Article 35
This Law shall go into effect on July 1, 1986.
　


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